AI-ready · TACO · multi-sensor

Methane plumes,
ready for AI

MethaneSET unifies Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9 and EMIT into queryable TACO datasets: expert-verified plume masks, calibrated radiance and a synthetic plume bank of 238,545 enhancements, distributed as Parquet catalogs with Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs.

7
TACO datasets
84,173
multispectral scenes
721
EMIT granules
238,545
synthetic plumes
~1.07 TB
cloud-optimized data
Sample counts and sizes from the published MethaneSET dataset card , verified against the EMIT index (721 granules, 60 countries, 2022–2025).

One problem, three sensors

Every sensor, one schema

Multispectral instruments need a temporally paired, plume-free reference. Imaging spectrometers resolve the methane signature in a single acquisition. MethaneSET serves both under the same metadata contract.

Hyperspectral

EMIT

285 bands at 60 m. Calibrated radiance hypercubes, matched-filter products and two independent plume masks per granule, from IMEO and Carbon Mapper.

Multispectral

Sentinel-2

All 13 bands at 10 m. Expert-verified plume masks and confirmed plume-free references for change-detection workflows.

Multispectral

Landsat 8/9

9 OLI bands at 30 m. The same labels and plume-free pairing, extending the record and the surface diversity of the training set.

Sensor specifications from the MethaneSET manuscript and NASA EMIT documentation.

TACO format

Query before you download

Each dataset is a Collection of Catalogs of Samples. Metadata lives in Parquet, imagery in Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs, so you filter by region, date or sensor before pulling a single pixel.

Collection

Dataset-level identity: title, version, license, providers and the schema contract.

Catalog

The index. A Parquet table, one row per sample, queryable with SQL over HTTP.

Sample

The data itself: radiance, masks and ancillary layers as COGs, fetched by byte range.

TACO specification v3.0, spec.

Get started

One line to load

Read the metadata, filter the samples you need, then stream only those pixels. Works from Python, R, Julia and the browser.

Install: taco-eo.
# pip install taco-eo
import taco

ds = taco.load(
  "hf://datasets/tacofoundation/methaneset/methaneset-emit"
)
df = ds.metadata()  # Parquet index as a DataFrame
df[df["site:country"] == "Turkmenistan"]

Paper

MethaneSET

Unified multi-sensor AI-ready datasets for satellite-based methane plume detection. Submitted to Scientific Data.